Αυτές είναι οι μεγαλύτερες απειλές του κόσμου για το 2021

Η παγκόσμια οικονομία θα απειληθεί από τις επιπτώσεις της κρίσης του κορωνοϊού, ενώ η γεωπολιτική σταθερότητα θα είναι εξαιρετικά εύθραυστη τα επόμενα πέντε έως δέκα χρόνια.

Το Παγκόσμιο Οικονομικό Φόρουμ παρουσίασε τη λίστα με τις κορυφαίες βραχυπρόθεσμες προκλήσεις, στο πλαίσιο έρευνας με τη συμμετοχή 650 και πλέον μελών του, επιχειρήσεων, κυβερνήσεων και Πανεπιστημίων.

Βάσει της έρευνας, στην κορυφή της λίστας των κινδύνων που αναμένεται να αποτελέσουν σοβαρή απειλή για τον κόσμο τα επόμενα δύο χρόνια, είναι μολυσματικές ασθένειες και οι κρίσεις που αφορoύν τα μέσα επιβίωσης.

Η Παγκόσμια Έκθεση Κινδύνων 2021 είναι η 16η έκδοση της ετήσιας ανάλυσης του Παγκόσμιου Οικονομικού Φόρουμ και ανατρέχει σε ένα χρόνο που πλήττεται από μια παγκόσμια πανδημία, οικονομική ύφεση, πολιτική αναταραχή και την ολοένα επιδεινούμενη κλιματική κρίση.

Η έκθεση διερευνά πώς μπορούν οι χώρες και οι επιχειρήσεις να δράσουν ενόψει αυτών των κινδύνων.

Δεν αποτελεί έκπληξη το γεγονός ότι μία από τις μεγάλες αλλαγές μεταξύ του τρέχοντος έτους και του τελευταίου, όσον αφορά τους κινδύνους, προκλήθηκε από την πανδημία COVID-19. Ο κίνδυνος που προκαλούν οι λοιμώδεις ασθένειες κατατάσσεται τώρα στην πρώτη θέση, ενώ το 2020 βρισκόταν στη 10η θέση.

Ας δούμε παρακάτω τη λίστα με τις μεγαλύτερες απειλές παγκοσμίως για το έτος που διανύουμε.

1. Μολυσματικές ασθένειες

epa08770663 People wear face masks at a Mass Rapid Transit train station in Taipei, Taiwan, 24 October 2020. Many Taiwanese feel lucky and unreal as coronavirus is no longer a worry in Taiwan. Except for wearing face masks on public transport and washing hands more often, life have returned to normal in Taiwan which has one of the lowest Covid-19 infection and mortality rates. Taiwan so far has reported only 550 confirmed cases of infection, mostly imported and seven deaths, due to Taiwan's asking people to wear face masks and halting inbound and outbound group tours after the outbreak of Covid-19 in China. EPA/DAVID CHANG Photo: ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ

2. Αποτυχία κλιματικής δράσης

epa08024508 A photo taken with a Fish Eye lense shows a general view of the dump of Agbogbloshie in Accra, Ghana, 12 November 2019 (Issued on 25 November 2019). The Agbogbloshie dump is considered the biggest electronic trash dump in the African continent, where the electronic trash arrives from all over the world, mainly from Europe and the US. According to the International Recycling Office, the world will generate 53.9 tons of electronic waste by 2025 if the production continues until now, which means a 3 per cent increase per year of electronic trash. The COP25 World Climate Change Conference will take place from 02 to 13 December in Madrid under the motto 'Time to Act'. EPA/A. CARRASCO RAGEL Photo: ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ

3. Όπλα μαζικής καταστροφής

epa07095457 A handout picture provided by the British Ministry of Defence (MOD) showing British test pilot Peter Wilson, conducting the worlds first SRVL in the North Atlantic, 13 October 2018, (issued 15 October 2018). The MOD report first ever Shipborne Rolling Vertical Landing (SRVL) has been carried out by an F-35B Lightning II joint strike fighter jet conducting trials onboard the UK’s new carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth. The UK is the only nation currently planning to use the manoeuvre, which will allow jets to land onboard with heavier loads, meaning they won’t need to jettison expensive fuel and weapons before landing. Previously the jets have conducted vertical landings, coming to a hover to the side of the ship, translating sideways over the deck, before gently lowering to land on. It is regarded as a safer method to reduce speed before the jet lands on in this way, rather than landing on at speed, coming to a stop before it runs out of deck. An SRVL uses a different approach, with the jet using a more conventional landing pattern, approaching the ship from the aft end, at speed, using the thrust from the nozzle and lift created by air over the wings to touch down and come to a stop as soon as possible. The landing, conducted by BAE Systems UK test pilot Peter Wilson, took place at exactly 1030 off the east coast of the USA. Landing 755 yards back from the end of the carrier’s ski jump, the jet came to a complete standstill at the 580 yard mark. EPA/LPhot KYLE HELLER /BRITISH MINISTRY OF DEFENCE/HANDOUT MANDATORY CREDIT MOD LPhot KYLE HELLER: CROWN COPYRIGHT HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES Photo: ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ

4. Απώλεια βιοποικιλότητας

epa08954867 (FILE) - The dome of the US Capitol is seen behind the smokestacks of the Capitol Power Plant, the only coal-burning power plant in the nation's capitol, in Washington, DC, USA, 10 March 2014 (reissued 21 January 2021). US President Joe Biden in the first hours in office signed several executive orders reversing policies of his predecessor including on the coronavirus pandemic, the Paris climate agreement and Trump's controversial border wall. EPA/JIM LO SCALZO *** Local Caption *** 53557445 Photo: ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ

5. Κρίση φυσικών πόρων

epa05654691 (FILE) A file photograph showing oil wells pumping oil in an oil field near Ponca City, Oklahoma, USA, 14 November 2007. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) decided at it's 171st meeting in Vienna, Austria on 30 November 2016 that it will cut supplies for the first time in eght years. The cut of 1.2 million barrels a day will start from January 2017. the Conference decided to implement a new OPEC-14 production target of 32.5 million barrels a day, in order to accelerate the ongoing drawdown of the stock overhang and bring the oil market rebalancing forward. EPA/LARRY W. SMITH Photo: ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ

6. Ανθρώπινη περιβαλλοντική ζημία

epa07509006 A view of plastic waste on South Beach along the coast of Monrovia, Liberia, 15 April 2019. Many densely populated communities in Liberia and other parts of the West African sub region lack infrastructure to deal with garbage and waste collection, thereby, cause great degree of environmental issues and degradation. Plastic bags in particular are singled out as causing huge environmental problems. The bags block drainage systems causing flooding and spread diseases. EPA/AHMED JALLANZO Photo: ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ

7. Κρίσεις επιβίωσης

epa08810676 Indian people walk as the city is engulfed in heavy smog, in New Delhi, India, 10 November 2020. According to doctors, the extreme pollution in the city could aggravate the ongoing COVID-19 coronavirus situation in the city. Also, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) imposed a total ban on sale or use of all kinds of firecrackers in the National Capital Region (NCR) up to 30 November for the upcoming Diwali festival. EPA/RAJAT GUPTA Photo: ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ

8. Ακραία καιρικά φαινόμενα

epa09021816 A pedestrian crosses the street as a mixture of snow and freezing rain accumulates on the ground in Washington, DC, USA, 18 February 2021. A winter storm warning in the nation's capital is in effect into 19 February, with slick roads and icy conditions forecast for the region. Winter weather that struck a huge section of the country is moving eastwards. EPA/MICHAEL REYNOLDS Photo: ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ

9. Κρίση χρέους

epa03912128 (FILE) A file photograph showing a view of the offices of Fitch Ratings in New York, New York, USA, on 29 April 2010. Reports state on 16 October 2013 that the ratings agency Fitch issued a negative watch on US sovereign debt's AAA rating due to Congress' failure to raise the government's debt ceiling ahead of a Thursday deadline issued by the Treasury Department. EPA/JUSTIN LANE Photo: ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ

10. Καταστροφή πληροφορικών συστημάτων

epa07261857 ILLUSTRATION - A person sits in front of a computer screen in Moers, Germany, 04 January 2019. Reports on 04 January 2019 state personal data of hundreds of German politicians, celebrities and journalists have been hacked and posted online. The compromised data reportedly includes credit card details, private chat protocols and contact information. The data was allegedly shared via a Twitter account under the name G0d (@_0rbit) prior to Christmas 2018, which has been suspended in the meantime. EPA/SASCHA STEINBACH Photo: ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ